4.3.1 Chemical measurements, conservation of mass and quantitative interpretation of chemical equations (AQA)

4.3.2 Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances – Concentration of solutions (AQA)

4.3.3-4.3.5 Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions (Chemistry only) (AQA)

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals – Metal oxides, the reactivity series, extraction of metals and reduction (AQA)

4.4.2 Reactions of acids – Reactions of acids with metals, neutralisation of acids and salt production, soluble salts, the pH scale and titrations (Chemistry only) (AQA)

4.4.3 Electrolysis – The process of electrolysis, electrolysis of molten ionic compounds, using electrolysis to extract metals and electrolysis of aqueous solutions (AQA)

4.5.1-4.5.2 Exothermic and endothermic reactions, cells and fuel cells – Energy transfer during reactions, reaction profiles and cells and batteries and fuel cells (Chemistry only) (AQA)

4.6.1 Rates of reaction – Calculating rates of reaction, factors which affect the rates of chemical reactions, collision theory and activation, catalysts (AQA)

4.6.2 Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium – Reversible reactions, energy changes and equilibrium (AQA)

4.7.1 Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock – Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes, fractional distillation and petrochemicals, properties of hydrocarbons and cracking and alkenes (AQA)

4.7.2-4.7.3 Reactions of alkenes and alcohols and Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers (Chemistry only) (AQA)

4.8.1-4.8.2 Purity, formulations, chromatography and testing for gases – Pure substances, formulations, chromatography, test for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine (AQA)

4.8.3 Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means – Flame tests, metal hydroxides, carbonates, halides, sulfates, instrumental methods and flame emission spectroscopy (Chemistry only) (AQA)

4.9.1-4.9.3 Chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere (AQA)

4.10.1-4.10.2 Using the Earth’s resources, obtaining potable water, life cycle assessment and recycling – Using the Earth’s resources and sustainable development and water treatment (AQA)

4.10.3-4.10.4 Using materials and the Haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers (Chemistry only) (AQA)